“`” \u8003\u5bdf\u70b9\uff1aJava\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
<strong>\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u505a\u5b83\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\uff08\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u539f\u5219\u60f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5c31\u662f""\u9ad8\u5185\u805a""\uff0c\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u6700\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u539f\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u5b57""\u9ad8\u5185\u805a\u3001\u4f4e\u8026\u5408""\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u9ad8\u5185\u805a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u5757\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0e\u5b83\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u8df5\u884c\u4e86\u9ad8\u5185\u805a\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u662f\u7ec4\u88c5\u8f66\uff0c\u4ece\u51cf\u9707\u53c9\u3001\u5239\u8f66\u5230\u53d8\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u5378\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u4e52\u4e53\u7403\u62cd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u54c1\u62cd\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5e95\u677f\u548c\u80f6\u76ae\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u5206\u548c\u81ea\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u62ff\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u590d\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
<strong>\u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u4f53\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u5173\u95ed\u3002\uff08\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7c7b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u505a\u5230\u5f00\u95ed\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u2460\u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u2461\u5c01\u88c5\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u53d8\u56e0\u7d20\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u56e0\u7d20\u6df7\u6742\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6362\u4e71\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7cbe\u89e3\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6865\u6881\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
<strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u8f6c\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u63a5\u53e3\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\uff08\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u8bf4\u5f97\u76f4\u767d\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
<strong>\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u66ff\u6362\u6389\u7236\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cBarbara Liskov\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba9\u732b\u7ee7\u627f\u72d7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u72d7\u7ee7\u627f\u732b\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u8ba9\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u8fdd\u53cd\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u628a\u80fd\u529b\u591a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f53\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u5c11\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u7528\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
<strong>\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a5\u53e3\u8981\u5c0f\u800c\u4e13\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u800c\u5168\u3002\uff08\u81c3\u80bf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5bf9\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u63a5\u53e3\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u53ea\u5e94\u8be5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5185\u805a\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7434\u68cb\u4e66\u753b\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u5f88\u96be\u7528\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u7434\u68cb\u4e66\u753b\u56db\u6837\u90fd\u7cbe\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u56db\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f1a\u51e0\u9879\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u51e0\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u88ab\u590d\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u3002Java\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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<pre><code> "“`
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