“`” Long Short Term \u7f51\u7edc—— \u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u53eb\u505a LSTM ——\u662f\u4e00\u79cd RNN \u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982@\u5bd2\u5c0f\u9633\u6240\u8bf4\uff1aLSTM\u548c\u57fa\u7ebfRNN\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u9690\u72b6\u6001\u3002LSTM\u7684“\u8bb0\u5fc6”\u6211\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u7ec6\u80de\/cells\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u60f3\u505a\u9ed1\u76d2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed1\u76d2\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\u524d\u72b6\u6001ht−1\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165xt\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b“\u7ec6\u80de”\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\/\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u800c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8981\u88ab\u62b9\u53bb\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5173\u8054\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 LSTM \u7531Hochreiter & Schmidhuber (1997)\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u88abAlex Graves\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u826f\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cLSTM \u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 LSTM \u901a\u8fc7\u523b\u610f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6765\u907f\u514d\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u662f LSTM \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5f88\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff01 \u6240\u6709 RNN \u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u94fe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684 RNN \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a tanh \u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6807\u51c6 RNN \u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5c42 LSTM \u540c\u6837\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e \u5355\u4e00\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n
<img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515857583_596.png""><\/p>\n
LSTM \u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5c42 \u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5256\u6790 LSTM \u89e3\u6790\u56fe\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u56fe\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
<img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515857610_673.png""><\/p>\n
LSTM \u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u6807 \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u9ed1\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u7740\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u7c89\u8272\u7684\u5708\u4ee3\u8868 pointwise \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u800c\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u56db\u3001LSTM \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3 LSTM \u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6c34\u5e73\u7ebf\u5728\u56fe\u4e0a\u65b9\u8d2f\u7a7f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4f20\u9001\u5e26\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u6d41\u4f20\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n
<img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515857686_304.png""><\/p>\n
LSTM \u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u95e8\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u6216\u8005\u589e\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u95e8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u4fe1\u606f\u9009\u62e9\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a sigmoid \u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a pointwise \u4e58\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
<img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515857715_135.png""><\/p>\n
Sigmoid \u5c42\u8f93\u51fa 0 \u5230 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u30020 \u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u201d\uff0c1 \u5c31\u6307\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u610f\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u201d\uff01 LSTM \u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u95e8\uff0c\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u5728\u6211\u4eec LSTM \u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u4e22\u5f03\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a\u5fd8\u8bb0\u95e8\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8be5\u95e8\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6 h<em>{t-1} \u548c x_t\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728 0 \u5230 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u503c\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001 C<\/em>{t-1} \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u30021 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4fdd\u7559\u201d\uff0c0 \u8868\u793a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u820d\u5f03\u201d\u3002 \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6765\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5fd8\u8bb0\u65e7\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n
<img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515857798_931.png""><\/p>\n
\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e22\u5f03\u4fe1\u606f \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0csigmoid \u5c42\u79f0 \u201c\u8f93\u5165\u95e8\u5c42\u201d \u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a tanh \u5c42\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5019\u9009\u503c\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\\tilde{C}<em>t\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u6027\u522b\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u65e7\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002 \u786e\u5b9a\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f \u73b0\u5728\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u65e7\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\uff0cC<\/em>{t-1} \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a C_t\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c06\u4f1a\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u65e7\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e f_t \u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u6389\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u52a0\u4e0a i_t * \\tilde{C}_t\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u5019\u9009\u503c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u66f4\u65b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u5316\u3002 \u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u6839\u636e\u524d\u9762\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u65e7\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
<img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515858026_294.png""><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001 \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a sigmoid \u5c42\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7ec6\u80de\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u8fc7 tanh \u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff08\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728 -1 \u5230 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u503c\uff09\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u548c sigmoid \u95e8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a \u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a \u52a8\u8bcd \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u4ee3\u8bcd\u662f\u5355\u6570\u8fd8\u662f\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5982\u679c\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u52a8\u8bcd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bcd\u5f62\u53d8\u5316\u3002 <img alt=""img"" referrerpolicy=""no-referrer"" src=""https:\/\/julyedu-img-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/Public\/Image\/Question\/1515858060_635.png""><\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
<pre><code> "“`
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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